苜蓿皂甙对绵羊氮平衡及生产性能的影响

选用12只2周岁体况良好,体重35 kg的内蒙古半细毛羯羊,随机分成4组,每组3头,分别饲喂4种不同水平苜蓿皂甙的日粮(0、8、16、32 g/d)。试验结果表明,在试验期内,苜蓿皂甙对绵羊氮平衡及生产性能有影响。当苜蓿皂甙添加量为8g/d时,氮沉积及日增重最高。     

丝兰提取物生理功能及其在养殖生产上的应用

丝兰属是一类集观赏、食用、药用、饲料添加剂于一体的多功能植物。丝兰提取物的活性成分包含甾体皂苷、多酚类、多糖等物质,具有抗氧化、抗炎抑菌、抗肿瘤、免疫刺激活性、降糖、降低胆固醇、促进生长等多种功能。本文从丝兰提取物的主要活性成分、生理功能及其在养殖生产上的应用等方面进行阐述,深入探讨丝兰属植物在食用、药用及动物生产中可能的作用机制及潜在的应用价值。     

Failure to induce toxicity in lambs by administering saponins from Narthecium ossifragum

It has been suggested that saponins produced by Narthecium ossifragum (Bog asphodel) may be the direct cause of the toxicity leading to the hepatogenous photosensitivity disease alveld seen in Norwegian lambs. Lambs fed large quantities of freeze-dried N. ossifragum did not develop alveld. Chemical investigations on the freeze-dried material and fresh N. ossifragum showed no difference in their saponin content. These results indicate that alveld is not caused solely by the saponins produced by N. ossifragum.     

黑刺菝葜根茎化学成分的研究

初步研究了黑刺菝葜根茎中所含的化学成分,并测定了其中氨基酸、多糖、矿物元素和脂肪的含量。结果表明,黑刺菝葜根茎中含有甾体皂甙、黄酮及其甙类、生物碱、内酯、香豆素及其甙类、蒽醌、有机酸、酚性成分、鞣质、氨基酸、蛋白质、糖类、挥发油、油脂和10多种矿物元素。     

大豆皂苷薄层色谱检测展开剂的改进

大豆皂苷是大豆中的一种生理活性成分,是由各种单体结构组成的。该文利用人参皂苷的薄层色谱展开剂进行改进,得到了适合大豆皂苷薄层色谱检测的展开剂配比,且各个单体分离效果比较好。具体配比是:氯仿/乙酸乙酯/甲醇/水=30/40/20/10,取下层液体,点样量也为2μL,展距为10cm,之后喷以10%的H2SO4-乙醇溶液显色,在365nm下观测。     

欧洲山芥皂苷合成关键酶基因Bv-beta-AS 克隆及表达分析

 以能够产生抗虫皂苷的高抗小菜蛾资源G 型欧洲山芥（Barbarea vulgaris R. Br.）B44 为材料,利用RACE 技术克隆出皂苷合成关键酶beta–香树脂合成酶的基因（Barbarea vulgaris beta-amyrin synthase,Bv-beta-AS）。该基因编码区序列长为2 289 bp（GenBank 登录号JQ172795）,推导其编码762个氨基酸;在基因组水平上长度为4 107 bp （GenBank 登录号JQ172796）,含有15 个内含子。Bv-beta-AS编码的氨基酸具有beta–香树脂合成酶基因家族的保守序列,即DCTAE 序列和QW 特征序列,氨基酸多序列比对和进化树分析表明,该基因与拟南芥beta–香树脂合成酶基因的相似性最高,为74%。利用荧光定量PCR 对欧洲山芥在小菜蛾诱导下该基因的表达进行研究,结果表明,该基因受虫害诱导时上调表达,但是上升到12 h 达顶峰后随时间推移呈回归的趋势。从序列特征和表达模式上推测,Bv-beta-AS 可能是抗虫皂苷合成途径的一个关键酶的基因。     

不同品种苜蓿在不同生育期总皂苷含量变化的研究

通过分析内蒙古地区种植的紫花苜蓿、黄花苜蓿、草原2号苜蓿在不同生育期总皂苷含量的变化,并利用SPSS11．5统计软件进行方差分析,并采用Duncan法进行均值的多重比较。结果表明,返青期到初花期的植株总皂苷含量为紫花苜蓿〉草原2号苜蓿〉黄花苜蓿,紫花苜蓿的总皂苷含量极显著高于黄花苜蓿（P〈0．01）;在盛花期和结荚期,草原2号苜蓿的总皂苷含量高于其他2个品种;成熟期黄花苜蓿的总皂苷含量最高。紫花苜蓿与草原2号苜蓿在结荚期的植株总皂苷含量显著大于其他生育期（P〈0．05）,黄花苜蓿的总皂苷含量在盛花期达到最大。     

Two new cytotoxic triterpenoid saponins from the roots of Clematis argentilucida

Bioassay-guided fractionation of the n-BuOH extract of the roots of Clematis argentilucida led to the isolation of two new triterpenoid saponins along with a known one, cussonside B (3). By extensive spectral analysis and chemical evidences, the structures of the two new saponins were determined to be 3β-O-[β-D-ribopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl] hederagenin-11,13-dien-28-oic acid (1) and 3β-O-{β-D-ribopyranosyl-(1→3)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)]-β-D-xylopyranosyl} oleanolic acid (2), respectively. Saponin 1 is the first example of triterpenoid saponins with two double bonds located at C-11 and C-13 in the aglycone from the genus Clematis. The two new saponins exhibited significant cytotoxicity against human leukemia HL-60 cell lines, human hepatocellular carcinoma Hep-G2 cell lines and human glioblastoma U251MG cell lines with a range of IC(50) values from 2.74 to 25.40μM, while 3 showed inactivity against all of the three cancer cell lines.     

A cytotoxic cardenolide and a saponin from the rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis

A new cardenolide tupichinolide (1) and a new steroidal saponin tupichinin A (2), together with seven known compounds, were isolated from the rhizomes of Tupistra chinensis. Their structures were established using spectroscopic analysis and chemical methods. Compound 1 was the first cardenolide isolated from Tupistra chinensis and exhibited potent cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines: HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7 and SW480.     

三七茎基总皂苷的回流提取工艺研究

[目的]确定三七茎基总皂苷含量测定方法,优化其回流提取工艺。[方法]采用香草醛-高氯酸法测定三七茎基总皂苷含量的方法,并以总皂苷含量为指标,优选回流法提取三七茎基总皂苷的工艺条件。[结果]在0.008 3～0.049 6 mg/ml浓度范围内,人参皂苷Rg1浓度与吸光度的线性关系良好(R=0.999 4),平均回收率为99.3%(n=4),RSD为3.4%。最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比1∶10(g/ml)、乙醇浓度60%,浸泡时间12 h,提取3次,每次2 h。[结论]该含量测定方法简便、准确、重现性好;提取工艺经济、合理,值得进一步推广。